Hypothyroidism is a medical condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, meaning that the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland, located in the front of the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating the body’s metabolism and energy levels. When it fails to produce adequate amounts of thyroid hormones, it leads to a slowdown in various bodily functions.

The most common cause of hypothyroidism is an autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and damage. Other causes include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, certain medications, or congenital factors.

Risk factors of Hypothyroidism

There are several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing the condition. Age and gender are both important risk factors Other risk factors include a family history of thyroid problems, previous thyroid surgery or radiation therapy, and certain medical conditions such as type 1 diabetes, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, iodine deficiency, certain medications, and exposure to environmental toxins can also increase the risk of developing hypothyroidism.

What is Hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, located in the front of the neck, produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism. When the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, it leads to an accelerated metabolic rate and various symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism.

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disorder called Graves’ disease, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to produce too much thyroid hormone. Other potential causes include thyroid nodules (abnormal growths within the thyroid gland), thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid), or the use of certain medications.